Los ntawm 19thxyoo pua, txoj kev xav ntawm hlau nplaum tau tsim sai heev, thiab cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tshiab tau tshawb pom tsis tu ncua. Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tau siv dav rau ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias tsis muaj kev lag luam fais fab niaj hnub, kev lag luam automation, cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam tsis muaj cov khoom sib nqus. Cov khoom sib nqus ruaj khov, cov khoom sib nqus mos, thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus yog hailed ua peb yam khoom siv hlau nplaum, ces lawv tsim cov tsev neeg loj ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum nrog cov khoom siv tub yees, cov khoom siv magnetostrictive, cov khoom sib nqus nqus, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Cov khoom sib nqus mus tas li uas tseem hu ua cov khoom siv hlau nplaum nyuaj, yog cov khoom siv sib nqus ua ntej tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Tsis zoo li lwm yam kev qhuab qhia, kev sib nqus tau dhau los ntawm kev siv tshuab mus rau kev tshawb fawb. Suav siv lodestone los ua lub compass thaum ntxov li 300 BC. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tib neeg tau siv cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov teeb meem, tib neeg kev paub txog kev sib nqus tau nce mus rau theem theoretical txog 19.thxyoo pua thiab magnetism pib loj hlob sai.
1820: Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted pom cov nyhuv sib nqus ntawm tam sim no thiab thawj zaug qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum.
1820: Fab Kis tus kws kho mob André-Marie Ampère qhia txog hluav taws xob inductor tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum thiab cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob inductors.
1824: British engineer William Sturgeon tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
1831: Tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv Askiv Michael Faraday tau tshawb pom electromagnetic induction, tom qab ntawd qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum uas tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev siv tshuab electromagnetic.
Xyoo 1860: Tus kws tshawb fawb Scottish James Clerk Maxwell tau tsim kev sib koom ua ke ntawm electromagnetic field theory thiab Maxwell's equations. Txij thaum ntawd los, tib neeg kev nkag siab txog qhov tshwm sim sib nqus tau pib tiag tiag.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm cov hlau nplaum tseem ua rau kev tshawb fawb nrawm rau cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov teeb meem.
1845: Michael Faraday tau faib Magnetism hauv Matter rau diamagnetism, paramagnetism thiab ferromagnetism raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib nqus.
1898: Fab Kis tus kws kho mob Pierre Curie tau kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm diamagnetism, paramagnetism, thiab kub, tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm tawm ntawm Curie txoj cai.
1905: Fab Kis tus kws kho mob Paul Langevin tau siv cov txheej txheem kev txheeb cais classic los piav qhia qhov ntsuas kub ntawm hom I paramagnetism. Tom qab ntawd lwm tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis Fab Kis Léon Brillouin tau txiav txim siab tsis tu ncua ntawm lub zog sib nqus thiab tau npaj cov kev tshawb fawb semiclassical paramagnetism hauv paus ntawm Langevin txoj kev xav.
1907: Fab Kis tus kws kho mob Pierre-Ernest Weiss tau tsim cov kev tshawb fawb molecular thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib nqus domain tshwm sim los ntawm Langevin thiab Brillouin txoj kev xav. Molecular field theory thiab magnetic domain yog suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb xav ferromagnetic tam sim no, yog li tsim ob qhov kev tshawb fawb loj, spontaneous magnetization theory thiab technical magnetization theory.
1928: German physicist Werner Heisenberg tsim kev sib pauv kev ua qauv thiab qhia txog lub ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub molecular teb.
1936: Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau ua tiav txoj haujlwm zooCoarse ntawm Theoretical Physicsuas comprehensively thiab systematically summed li niaj hnub electromagnetics thiab ferromagnetic txoj kev xav. Tom qab ntawd, Fabkis physicist Louis Néel tau tawm tswv yim thiab kev xav ntawm kev tiv thaiv ferromagnetism thiab ferrimagnetism.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ferromagnetic txoj kev xav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
1917: Japanese inventor Kotaro Honda tsim KS steel.
1931: Japanese metallurgist Tokushichi Mishima tsim MK steel. MK steel tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus pioneer ntawm AlNiCo hlau nplaum. AlNiCo hlau nplaum tseem hu ua los ntawm thawj tiam ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
1933: Yogoro Kato thiab Takeshi Takei tau tsim cov hlau nplaum ferrite. Ferrite hlau nplaum yog lub cim thib ob ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab tseem muaj feem ntau ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov tam sim no.
1967: Karl J. Strnat nrhiav tau 1:5 hom tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb Coblat alloy nrog nws cov npoj yaig. Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm sintered 1: 5 hom tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb Cobalt hlau nplaum muaj ntau zaus raws li AlNiCo hlau nplaum. Lub sijhawm no, thawj tiam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov tuaj tawm.
1977: Teruhiko Ojima los ntawm TDK Corporation tau ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 2:17 hom sintered Samarium Cobalt uas tshaj tawm hnub yug ntawm lub thib ob tiam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hlau nplaum mus tas li.
1983: Tus kws tshawb fawb Japanese Masato Sagwa thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas John Croat tau tsim sintered Neodymium hlau nplaum thiab Neodymium yaj-spun hmoov, feem. Raws li lub cim thib peb ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Neodymium hlau nplaum zoo heev txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam.
